Hmmm,
analisis lagi, gaes...
Kesempatan
kali ini, saya akan berbagi hasil analisis saya tentang pengaruh Piala Oscar
terhadap pendapatan di industri hiburan, nih gaes...
Bentuk
tulisan kali ini mungkin ya mirip-mirip lah dengan penulisan makalah. Tulisan
ini pun juga merupakan rangkuman dari tugas mata kuliah "Critical
Reading" waktu di semester empat lalu.
Bagi
kalian yang sedang memperoleh tugas buat analisis suatu topik, tulisan ini
cocoh nih sebagai rujukan kalian...
Eh,
tapi tulisan ini dalam Bahasa Inggris ya, gaes. Hohoho. You know lah, penulis
pun sedang menempuh gelar sarjana di Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, maklum lah
kalau semua tulisan berbau English, hehehe...
Skuy, silahkan disimak gaes... |
| source: smithsonianmag.com |
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
A. Background
Each January, the entertainment community and film fans
around the world turn their attention to the Academy Awards. Interest and
anticipation builds to a fevered pitch leading up to the Oscar telecast, when
hundreds of millions of movie lovers tune in to watch the glamorous ceremony
and learn who will receive the highest honors in filmmaking. This year’s
Nominations Announcement took place on Tuesday, January 23, 2018. The 90th
Oscars aired live on ABC on Sunday, March 4, 2018. http://www.oscars.org/oscars
Academy Award, in full Academy Award of Merit, byname Oscar,
any of a number of awards presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture
Arts and Sciences, located in Beverly Hills, California, U.S., to recognize
achievement in the film industry. The awards were first presented in 1929, and
winners receive a gold-plated statuette commonly called Oscar.
To be eligible for an award in a given year, a film must be
publicly exhibited for paid admission for at least one week at a commercial
theatre in Los Angeles county between January 1 and midnight of December 31 of
that year. Exceptions to this rule include foreign-language films, which are
submitted by their country of origin and need not have been shown in the United
States. Documentaries and short films have different eligibility requirements
and are officially submitted by their producers, whereas music awards require
the musical artist to file a submission form.
Only members of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and
Sciences may nominate and vote for candidates for the Oscars. The academy is
divided into various branches of film production, and the nominees in each
award category are chosen by the members of the corresponding branch; thus,
writers nominate writers, directors nominate directors, and so forth. The
entire academy membership nominates the candidates for best picture and votes
to determine the winners in most of the categories.
Aside from bestowing international recognition and prestige,
an Academy Award can play a crucial role in the success of the major winners.
The best picture award, for example, can significantly increase the box office
earnings of the winning film. For actors and directors, the award often results
in higher salaries, increased media attention, and better film offers.
B. Research Problem
Oscar, as we know, it is more complicated than an award.
Behind the Oscar, there will always be important points that need to be thought
critically about how much an Oscar Statuette is really worth. The
Oscars aren’t just a competition for cultural value, they double as an assessment tool that helps pick the industry’s economic winners
and losers. More than mere pageantry, the Oscars award ceremony represents an
issue of economic justice because of its role as a public evaluation of people
in the film industry. Neither the Academy nor the Oscars operates in a vacuum;
the Oscars is where Hollywood ascribes value to the artistic and cultural
experiences that move and define us, and by proxy the performers whom embody
these stories.
Racism remains a major controversial point in the Academy
Award. Racism itself also triggers other issues like politic and economy.
Several questions arise about the impact of racism in the Oscar Academy Award:
1. What the Academy Awards tell us
about the value of black work?
2. Does the racism issue still exist in
the Academy Award?
3. Is there any relation between racism
issue and its impacts that affect the film industries’
economy?
economy?
4. How much The Academy Award is really
worth?
5. How The Academy Award shows us about
who is the winner and the loser in the film
industries' economy?
industries' economy?
CHAPTER 2: DISCUSSION
Racism remains a never-ending issue in the Oscar Academy
Award. Year after year passed but the event was never separated from the issue
of color difference, shows us about a failure to create equality in
entertainment industry. Hollywood’s diversity problems are not new. The fact
that there are still people who blithely question whether black performances
are even worthy of recognition speaks to the existence of pervasive bigotry
within the institution. Forcing a group of black entertainers to form an
individual event to accommodate and appreciate their work. It is why black
people (along with other historically marginalized communities) have banded
together to create their own institutions to recognize their work, without any
celebrations like the National Association for the Advancement of Colored
People (NAACP) Image Awards – and yes, even the BET Awards – daring to uplift
black performers in Hollywood, a place to go to applaud and honor black stars.
The BET Awards were established in 2001 by the Black Entertainment Television
network to celebrate African Americans and other American minorities in music,
acting, sports, and other fields of entertainment over the past year. The
awards are presented annually, and are broadcast live on BET. The annual
presentation ceremony features performances by artists, and some of the awards
of more popular interest are presented in a televised ceremony.
It is not entirely wrong to deflect blame onto the wider
industry. As many have rightfully pointed out, diversity in the industry starts
in the boardrooms where casting and business decisions get made. But in a hurry
to write off the Oscars’s diversity problems as the logical byproduct of
Hollywood’s ubiquitous racism, we should not dismiss the Academy’s
distinct responsibility to recognize black artists. More than mere pageantry,
the Oscars award ceremony represents an issue of economic justice because of
its role as a public evaluation of people in the film industry. Neither the
Academy nor the Oscars operates in a vacuum; the Oscars is where Hollywood
ascribes value to the artistic and cultural experiences that move and define
us, and by proxy the performers whom embody these stories. An award or a
nomination is certainly very valuable to appreciate a work and improve the
economy. In the existence of racism, black entertainers will feel marginalized
because of the lack of attention to their equality. Lowering their competitive
spirit to create quality creations.
Moreover, the awards are not just a competition for cultural
value: They double as an assessment tool that helps pick the industry’s
economic winners and losers, in full view of the adoring public. While
mainstream recognition from an institution like the Academy is not necessary to
validate the contributions and experiences of black performers, it still
carries significant implications for the economic realities of the movie
industry. It is clear enough that black entertainers will always be
losers. Because the vast majority of black
artists do not receive the same opportunities for exposure as their white
counterparts, they are not given access to the same springboard that launches
other workers in the industry. The black entertainers always accepting
the defeat is just because of the "color" issue, not about the
quality of their work and their result to create the competitive entertainment.
Perhaps on the paper the black entertainers may be regarded as the loser, but
everyone knows who the party that should be regarded as the real loser
is. The real losers are those who take refuge behind the issue of racism,
which gives no chance and place the black entertainers to show their
performances.
And as resilient as black people are, black entertainers
especially, it is not enough for us to simply create spaces where we validate
our own work if those spaces do not wield the same access to economic opportunities.
Dismantling systemic racism goes hand-in-hand with ending economic inequality,
and it’s imperative to the liberation of black people that we tackle them in
tandem. And so, we must fight for inclusion in mainstream spaces where our
economic futures are at stake, and also create spaces for black achievement to
be validated in a way that honors and respects us.
The whitewashing of the Academy Awards presents a unique
economic challenge to black performers and other black workers in the industry.
In addition to shaking our fists at the intersecting systems of oppression that
permeate Hollywood, we must call equal attention to the Academy’s actions –
specifically, because they speak to a larger ethos for how black work and
blackness go unrecognized and devalued within the film and greater
entertainment industry.
The value of an Academy Award is concrete: increased
exposure to the best directors, casting agents, and managers, combined with
greater leverage for higher pay and more favorable working conditions. Even
receiving a nomination can make it easier to book the next job and sustain a
career. Winning an Oscar looks nice on an actor’s resume. It also mean extra
cash for the actor or the film itself. Hard numbers, such as actors’ salaries,
are difficult to come by, but various studies over the years have proved the
existence of a so-called Oscar bump, which can boost a film’s profits and
an actor’s paycheck.
An actor’s salary – Male actors experience an 81 per cent
bump in salary after a win, according to an economics honors thesis from a
masters student at Colgate University, which looked at the earning power of
actors in the years before and after their Oscar wins. The thesis also revealed
a dramatic pay gap between men and women, long before Jennifer Lawrence brought
attention to the issue last year. A male actor’s salary can increase up to $3.9
million after taking home the statuette, while a Best Actress win is worth a
$500,000 salary increase, the data showed. Everybody who taking home the
statuette gets more money.
For films, a nomination can be enough – Nine films
collectively earned a further $145.7 million at the box office after
being nominated for an Oscar in 2014 ceremony, according to analysis of box
office data from Box Office Mojo. American Hustle, starring Jennifer
Lawrence and Bradley Cooper, took a further $42 million after being nominated
in 2014, representing around 30 per cent of the film’s total revenues. Spike
Jonze’s Her, starring Joaquin Phoenix, benefited the most, taking in
around 60 per cent of its overall earnings after the nomination. Overall eight
out of ten films earned more of their total revenues before being put forward
for an Oscar in 2014, according to the data.
Payoff for winning – Best Picture Oscar winners earn about $13.8
million more post-Oscar win than their nominated counterparts, according to
IBISWorld analysis. Films who left with the coveted golden statuette between
2008 and 2012 made 50.2 per cent of box office revenue before the Oscar
nominees were announced, 31.8 per cent once they were nominated and 18.1 per
cent of box office revenue after winning the Oscar.
The golden statuette - The coveted 24-karat gold statuette
is worth around $400, according to CBS estimates in 2011, when gold prices were
higher. But its value can increase greatly if sold at a later date due to
history associated with it. The highest sum ever paid for an Oscar was
$1,542,500 by Michael Jackson in 1999 for the Best Picture award David O.
Selznick won for Gone With the Wind, according to Vanity Fair.
Vivien Leigh’s Best Actress Oscar for that same film went for more than half a
million in 1993, the report says. Nearly 3,000 statuettes have been presented
since the first Oscar ceremony in 1929.
Based on the
examples and data above, an award or just a nomination in the Oscar Academy
Award is really worth to boost the income of entertainment actors. Not only
that, the golden statuette also provide the big impact to show the world who
the winners and losers is in the entertainment industries’ economic
competition.
CHAPTER 3: CONCLUSION
Academy Award can plays a crucial role to create any issues
and determines who the winners and losers is in the
entertainment industries’ economic competition. Oscar is more complicated than an award. Behind the Oscar,
there will always be important points that need to be thought critically about
how much an Oscar Statuette is really worth. The black
entertainers always need to be patient accepting the defeat not about their
contributions but it is all about they are marginalized from a competition.
Perhaps on the paper the black entertainers may be regarded as the loser, but
everyone knows who the party that should be regarded as the real loser
is. The real losers are those who take refuge behind the issue of racism,
which gives no chance and place the black entertainers to show their
performances. Various ways taken to win the knight with crusader
sword–statuette. There are those who make the best contribution, but there are
also utilizing "inequality" in the system of the implementation. The
instant way really works well, giving the victory outside but actually regarded
as a loser inside.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Brewer, Michael J. (2016, February
26). What the Academy Awards Tell Us About the Value of Black Work. Retrieved
from The Nation Institute:
https://www.thenation.com/article/what-the-academy-awards-tell-us-about-the-of-value-of-black-work/
Eneriz, Ashley. (2018, February 28).
What is the Value of An Academy Award. Retrieved from The Investopedia
Institute: https://www.investopedia.com/news/what-value-academy-award/
Executive Editor. (2017, February
23). The Economics of the Oscars. Retrieved from The Columbia Economics
Review: http://columbiaeconreview.com/2017/02/23/the-economics-of-the-oscars/
Rodionova, Zlata. (2016, February
2016). Oscars 2016: How Much An Award is Really Worth. Retrieved from
The Independent Institute:
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/oscars-2016-academy-awards-box-office-money-worth-a6897246.html
____________. (2015, June). BET
Awards. Retrieved from The BET Institute:
https://www.bet.com/shows/bet-awards.html
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